Stem Cell Therapy in Sport Horses: Arterial vs. Local Injection
Stem cell therapy has become a cornerstone in regenerative medicine for equine athletes. Whether treating tendon injuries, joint degeneration, or soft tissue trauma, stem cells offer the potential to reduce inflammation, promote true tissue repair, and improve long-term soundness. Two of the most widely used delivery methods—arterial and local injection—each have unique advantages depending on the nature of the injury.
Local Stem Cell Injections
- Injected directly into joints, tendons, or ligaments
- Delivers a high concentration of stem cells to a specific site
- Ideal for well-localized injuries confirmed via ultrasound or radiographs
- Minimally invasive and well-tolerated
Local injections are most effective when the lesion is clearly defined and easily accessible. This approach ensures a concentrated dose reaches the exact tissue of concern, making it a preferred method for core lesions in tendons, focal suspensory injuries, or cartilage defects in joints.
Arterial Stem Cell Injections
- Delivered via radial or tibial arteries targeting the distal limb
- Distributes stem cells through the microvasculature
- Ideal for hard-to-reach, diffuse, or bilateral injuries
- Only autologous bone marrow–derived stem cells can be used
- Requires sedation and ultrasound guidance
Arterial injection allows stem cells to travel through the bloodstream to sites of injury. This approach is particularly helpful when the injury is difficult to localize or when multiple areas may be affected—such as in chronic, low-grade suspensory desmitis or bilateral tendon strain. It also minimizes direct trauma from needle placement, which can be a concern in delicate structures.
Clinical Evidence: Galuppo et al., UC Davis
Seminal research from Dr. Larry Galuppo and colleagues at the University of California, Davis demonstrated the efficacy of intra-arterial delivery of stem cells in horses. Their work documented improved distribution, tissue uptake, and regenerative outcomes when stem cells were delivered via targeted arterial routes. These findings laid the groundwork for modern regenerative protocols used in elite sport horses today.
Which Approach Is Best?
At Daniel Equine, we’ve successfully used both arterial and local stem cell injections in top-level performance horses. Each case is evaluated based on:
- Injury location and accessibility
- Extent (focal vs. diffuse)
- Potential for further trauma from direct injection
- Treatment goals and competition timeline
Arterial delivery is particularly beneficial when:
- Injuries are diffuse or bilateral
- A broader regenerative effect is needed
- Direct injection may cause additional trauma or may miss the primary lesion
Stem cell therapy remains one of the most promising tools in equine sports medicine. Whether delivered locally or systemically, it provides an advanced option for healing injuries that could otherwise end a horse’s career.
If you’re interested in regenerative therapy options for your horse, contact Daniel Equine to schedule a consultation.